Transcatheter heart valve is an advanced approach to replacing a damaged heart valve. Compared to traditional surgery, it is less invasive and does not require opening the chest bone.
TAVR is quickly becoming the gold standard of care for treating people with aortic stenosis. It is the best option for many patients who are not healthy enough to undergo surgery. The aortic valve controls blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. If aortic valve is damaged, it can cause a problem called aortic stenosis. This can cause lose of too much blood and increase the risk of heart failure. The aortic valve is made of tissue flaps (cusps) that open and close. When they don’t work properly, the heart may have to work too hard. A surgery may be needed to replace the aortic valve in case of an aortic stenosis, or if it leaks and causes problems with the heart. The surgery can improve life and reduce chances of suffering from aortic disease or heart failure. Transcatheter Heart Valve replacement procedure can replace damaged aortic valve without having to open the chest. It is a new option for people who aren’t healthy enough for standard valve surgery. Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement may help in reducing or delaying the number of surgeries needed in life and improving the heart function and quality of life. Transcatheter Heart Valve is performed by an interventional cardiologist and the procedure is usually done in a pediatric or adult congenital catheterization lab. The current implantation techniques, which are based on the beating heart technique and extracorporeal circulatory support, are well tolerated with low morbidity and mortality. The procedure requires a comprehensive preoperative right heart catheterization and hemodynamic assessment. The tricuspid valve is located between the two atria (heart chambers). When this heart valve doesn't function properly, it can cause symptoms. When the tricuspid valve is damaged, doctors may recommend a repair or replacement surgery. This will replace the valve with a new one that's made from mechanical or tissue materials. In general, surgeons prefer to repair the tricuspid valve instead of replacing it whenever possible. As repairing the valve can improve the heart function and reduce the need for long-term blood thinners to prevent strokes. During tricuspid valve repair, doctors use a special catheter to deliver a device called MitraClip that clips the leaflets together to help the valve close fully. The procedure is usually performed under twilight anesthesia and doesn't require a breathing tube. Diaphragmatic Valve Replacement, also known as a diaphragm valve, is a simple type of valve that consists of a diaphragm and an actuator. The actuator opens and closes the diaphragm, allowing air to pass through the valve passageway. It is often used in applications where there is a need for a clean, sterile fluid passageway. These valves are available in a variety of different materials and come with a number of features. During transcatheter heart valve replacement, the catheter is inserted into a blood vessel and guided into the heart, where the doctor places a new aortic valve. Unlike surgical aortic valve replacement, TAVR does not require a long incision down the chest (open-heart surgery). The procedure is performed with a hollow catheter that guides the new valve into the aortic root. During deployment, the doctor checks for proper positioning and hemodynamic status. Then, the balloon on the catheter tip inflates to press the replacement valve into place.
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